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<main>
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<h1 id="networking-modes"><a class="header" href="#networking-modes">Networking Modes</a></h1>
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<p>vmctl supports several networking modes depending on your needs and permissions.</p>
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<h2 id="user-mode-slirp---default"><a class="header" href="#user-mode-slirp---default">User Mode (SLIRP) - Default</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-kdl">network "user"
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</code></pre>
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<p>QEMU's built-in user-mode networking. No root or special permissions required.</p>
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<p><strong>How it works:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>QEMU emulates a full TCP/IP stack in userspace.</li>
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<li>The guest gets a private IP (typically <code>10.0.2.x</code>).</li>
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<li>Outbound connections from the guest are NAT'd through the host.</li>
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<li>SSH access is provided via host port forwarding (ports 10022-10122, deterministically assigned per VM name).</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Pros:</strong> Zero setup, no root needed.
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<strong>Cons:</strong> No inbound connections (except forwarded ports), lower performance than TAP.</p>
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<h2 id="tap-mode"><a class="header" href="#tap-mode">TAP Mode</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-kdl">network "tap" {
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bridge "br0"
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Creates a TAP device and attaches it to a host bridge. The guest appears as a real machine on the bridge's network.</p>
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<p><strong>How it works:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>vmctl creates a TAP interface and bridges it.</li>
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<li>The guest gets an IP via DHCP from whatever serves the bridge network.</li>
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<li>Full Layer 2 connectivity.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Pros:</strong> Real network presence, full inbound/outbound, better performance.
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<strong>Cons:</strong> Requires bridge setup, may need root or appropriate capabilities.</p>
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<p>If no bridge name is specified, it defaults to <code>br0</code>.</p>
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<h2 id="vnic-mode-illumos-only"><a class="header" href="#vnic-mode-illumos-only">VNIC Mode (illumos only)</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-kdl">network "vnic" {
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name "vnic0"
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Uses an illumos VNIC for exclusive-IP zone networking. Only available on the Propolis backend.</p>
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<h2 id="none"><a class="header" href="#none">None</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-kdl">network "none"
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</code></pre>
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<p>No networking at all. Useful for isolated compute tasks or testing.</p>
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<h2 id="ip-discovery"><a class="header" href="#ip-discovery">IP Discovery</a></h2>
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<p>vmctl discovers the guest IP differently depending on the network mode:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Mode</th><th>IP Discovery Method</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td>User</td><td>Returns <code>127.0.0.1</code> (SSH via forwarded port)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>TAP</td><td>Parses ARP table (<code>ip neigh show</code>), falls back to dnsmasq lease files by MAC address</td></tr>
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<tr><td>VNIC</td><td>Zone-based discovery</td></tr>
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<tr><td>None</td><td>Not available</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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