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37 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
37 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
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# ADR-002: Direct QEMU Over Libvirt
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**Date:** 2026-04-07
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**Status:** Accepted
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**Deciders:** Till Wegmueller
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## Context
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The orchestrator used libvirt (via the Rust `virt` crate) for VM lifecycle management. Libvirt provided domain XML generation, network management (virbr0 + dnsmasq), IP discovery (domifaddr), and graceful shutdown. However, it required the libvirt daemon on the host, socket mounts into containers, and complex host configuration.
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The `vm-manager` library manages QEMU processes directly via QMP (QEMU Machine Protocol), eliminating the libvirt middleman.
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## Decision
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Replace libvirt with direct QEMU process management via vm-manager. Use user-mode (SLIRP) networking with SSH port forwarding instead of libvirt's bridged networking.
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## Consequences
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### Positive
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- **Containerization simplified**: only `/dev/kvm` device needed, no daemon sockets
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- **712 lines of libvirt code removed** from orchestrator
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- **No libvirt daemon dependency** on the host
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- **Simpler networking**: user-mode SLIRP needs no bridge, no NET_ADMIN, no TAP devices
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- **Pure-Rust cloud-init ISO**: no genisoimage/mkisofs required (optional `pure-iso` feature)
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### Negative
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- **No libvirt network management**: must use existing bridge or user-mode networking
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- **VM IP discovery changes**: `ip neigh` parsing instead of `virsh domifaddr`
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- **QEMU process management**: must handle PID tracking, graceful shutdown via QMP
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- **Cross-workspace dependency**: vm-manager uses workspace-inherited deps, requiring git dep + local patch override
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### Lessons learned
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- IDE CDROM must be used for cloud-init seed ISO — virtio-blk for both disk and seed confuses Ubuntu's root device detection
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- VmHandle must preserve vcpus/memory from prepare step — vm-manager's start() reads them from the handle
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- SFTP upload needs explicit chmod 0755 for executable files
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- Console tailer must stop before SSH execution begins to prevent log duplication
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