As of 2010/03, we always create new boot environments when doing an image-update, and never do so for install, instead failing the operation should an action tagged w/ reboot-needed be affected. We also always create new boot environments for change-variant and change-facet operations, and never for fix. This needs work. Instead, I'd like to propose the following: 1) We support the creation of a new optional backup boot environment before executing the operation on the live image. Non-live images can easily use snapshots for this; this option would have no effect in the case that the operation creates a new BE. 2) All image-modifying operations on a live image would create a new boot environment only if needed. This behavior could be altered via command line flags to always create a new boot environment or to never create one, failing instead if the operation needs one. pkg install pkg fix would both get the following new options: [--backup-be] [--backup-be-name name] [--no-new-be | --always-new-be] [--be-name name] pkg image-update pkg change-facet pkg change-variant would all get the following new options: [--backup-be] [--backup-be-name name] [--no-new-be | --always-new-be] So, to retain the current behavior, invoke pkg install --no-new-be .... invoke pkg image-update --always-new-be ... pkg change-facet --always-nes-be ... pkg change-variant --always-new-be ... - Bart